Oxford Handbook of Transcranial StimulationEric Wassermann, Eric Michael Wassermann, Charles Epstein, Ulf Ziemann Since becoming commercially available in 1985, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has emerged as an important tool in several areas of neuroscience. Originally envisioned as a way to measure the responsiveness and conduction speed of neurons and synapses in the brain and spinal cord, TMS has also become an important tool for changing the activity of brain neurons and the functions they subserve and an important adjunct to brain imaging and mapping techniques. Along with transcranial electrical stimulation techniques, TMS has diffused far beyond the borders of clinical neurophysiology and into cognitive, perceptual, behavioural, and therapeutic investigation and attracted a highly diverse group of users and would-be users. This book provides an authoritative review of the scientific and technical background required to understand transcranial stimulation techniques and a wide-ranging survey of their burgeoning application in neurophysiology, perception, cognition, emotion, and clinical practice. Each of its six sections deals with a major area and is edited by an international authority therein. It will serve researchers, clinicians, students, and others as the definitive text in this area for years to come. |
Contents
Physics and Biophysics of TMS | 1 |
TMS Measures of Motor Cortical and Corticospinal Excitability Physiology Function and Plasticity | 75 |
The Motorevoked Potential in Health and Disease | 235 |
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Perception and Cognition | 409 |
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Common terms and phrases
abnormal activity Amassian Biological Psychiatry brain stimulation cerebral cerebral cortex changes Clinical Neurophysiology CMCT cognitive Cohen LG coil contralateral cortical cortical excitability corticospinal decrease depression direct current disorders dystonia effects of TMS electrode Electroencephalography Electroencephalography and Clinical elicited evoked potentials Experimental Brain Research facilitation fMRI focal frequency frontal functional Hallett healthy subjects hemisphere human motor cortex Hz rTMS I-waves increased induced inhibitory interneurons interstimulus interval intracortical inhibition ipsilateral Journal of Neuroscience Journal of Physiology latency Lazzaro lesion LICI measures MEP amplitude modulation motor neuron motor threshold movement nerve neural neuroimaging Neurology neuroplasticity normal paired-pulse parietal Parkinson’s disease Pascual-Leone patients Paus phosphenes plasticity prefrontal cortex premotor primary motor cortex rCBF regions repetitive transcranial magnetic response Rothwell JC scalp sensory sham SICI Siebner silent period somatosensory spinal cord stroke synaptic task tDCS tion TMS pulse TMS-induced transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment visual cortex Wassermann Ziemann