Spike-timing dependent plasticityHenry Markram, Wulfram Gerstner, Per Jesper Sjöström Frontiers E-books Hebb's postulate provided a crucial framework to understand synaptic alterations underlying learning and memory. Hebb's theory proposed that neurons that fire together, also wire together, which provided the logical framework for the strengthening of synapses. Weakening of synapses was however addressed by "not being strengthened", and it was only later that the active decrease of synaptic strength was introduced through the discovery of long-term depression caused by low frequency stimulation of the presynaptic neuron. In 1994, it was found that the precise relative timing of pre and postynaptic spikes determined not only the magnitude, but also the direction of synaptic alterations when two neurons are active together. Neurons that fire together may therefore not necessarily wire together if the precise timing of the spikes involved are not tighly correlated. In the subsequent 15 years, Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) has been found in multiple brain brain regions and in many different species. The size and shape of the time windows in which positive and negative changes can be made vary for different brain regions, but the core principle of spike timing dependent changes remain. A large number of theoretical studies have also been conducted during this period that explore the computational function of this driving principle and STDP algorithms have become the main learning algorithm when modeling neural networks. This Research Topic will bring together all the key experimental and theoretical research on STDP. |
Contents
a comprehensive overview | 8 |
A history of spiketimingdependent plasticity | 11 |
Spiketiming dependent plasticity | 35 |
spiking timing rates and beyond | 45 |
Discovering associative longterm synaptic modification and
timing dependence of plasticity a very brief and
personal history | 48 |
a
personal account | 50 |
Questions about STDP as a general model of synaptic
plasticity | 53 |
more than just spiketiming? | 58 |
The applicability of spike time dependent plasticity
to development | 262 |
STDP in recurrent neuronal networks | 271 |
dysregulation of dendritic
excitability in Fragile X syndrome | 286 |
Voltage and spike timing interact in STDP a unified model | 294 |
Rate and pulse based plasticity governed by local synaptic
state variables | 305 |
a study of the network capacity | 333 |
A Ca2+based computational model for NMDA receptordependent synaptic plasticity at individual postsynaptic spines in the hippocampus | 345 |
Enabling functional neural circuit simulations with distributed
computing of neuromodulated plasticity | 357 |
a consequence of more
fundamental learning rules | 60 |
A reexamination of Hebbiancovariance rules and spike
timingdependent plasticity in cat visual cortex in vivo | 73 |
The activity requirements for spike timingdependent
plasticity in the hippocampus | 94 |
Mechanisms of induction and maintenance of spiketiming
dependent plasticity in biophysical synapse models | 99 |
Dendritic synapse location and neocortical spiketimingdependent
plasticity
| 118 |
Presynaptic NMDA receptors and spike timingdependent
depression at cortical synapses | 132 |
neuromodulation opens the
STDP gate | 138 |
Temporal modulation of spiketimingdependent plasticity | 152 |
counteracting spurious spike coincidences | 168 |
the evidence in human cortex | 178 |
In vivo spiketimingdependent plasticity in the optic tectum of
Xenopus laevis | 189 |
Spiketiming dependent plasticity in inhibitory circuits | 200 |
AntiHebbian spiketimingdependent plasticity and adaptive
sensory processing | 208 |
Spiketiming dependent plasticity in the striatum | 219 |
STDP in the developing sensory neocortex | 229 |
keeping a neurons cool in a
fluctuating world | 240 |
Spiketiming dependent plasticity beyond synapse pre and
postsynaptic plasticity of intrinsic neuronal excitability | 256 |
theoretical
conditions for desynchronization and applications
to deep brain stimulation | 374 |
Spiketiming dependent plasticity and the cognitive map | 384 |
STDP in adaptive neurons gives closetooptimal
information transmission | 397 |
Closedform treatment of the interactions between
neuronal activity and timingdependent plasticity in networks
of linear neurons
| 413 |
A spiking neural network model of the medial superior olive
using spike timing dependent plasticity for sound localization | 428 |
Decorrelation of odor representations via spike
timingdependent plasticity | 444 |
Spike timingdependent plasticity as the origin of the
formation of clustered synaptic efficacy engrams | 455 |
Limits to the development of feedforward structures in large
recurrent neuronal networks | 470 |
Human synapses show a wide temporal window for
spiketimingdependent plasticity | 485 |
A developmental sensitive period for spike timingdependent
plasticity in the retinotectal projection | 496 |
GABAergic synaptic transmission regulates calcium influx
during spiketiming dependent plasticity | 506 |
GABAergic activities control spike timing and frequencydependent
longterm depression at hippocampal
excitatory synapses | 515 |
a possible signal for
spiketimingdependent plasticity | 530 |
Corticostriatal spiketiming dependent plasticity after
activation of subcortical pathways | 548 |
Information carried by population spike times in the whisker
sensory cortex can be decoded without knowledge of
stimulus time | 561 |
Common terms and phrases
Acad action potentials amplitude aptic axon backpropagating Biol brain burst Ca2+ calcium CaMKII Clopath Comput connections correlated cortical Debanne depolarization dopamine dynamics EPSP excitability excitatory experimental experiments Figure firing rate frequency Froemke function GABAergic Gerstner Hebbian learning hippocampal homeostatic induced inhibitory interaction interneurons Izhikevich layer learning rule Lisman long-term depression long-term potentiation LTP and LTD Markram mechanisms membrane potential modulation Natl neocortical neural neuromodulator neuromodulatory Neurophysiol Neurosci NMDA receptors NMDARs parameters pathway patterns Physiol place cells postsynaptic activity postsynaptic neuron postsynaptic spikes presynaptic presynaptic spike Proc protocols pyramidal cells pyramidal neurons recurrent response Sakmann sensory Shouval signal Sjöström spike pairs spike timing-dependent plasticity spike trains spike-timing-dependent spines STDP STDP rule stimulation studies synaptic modification synaptic plasticity synaptic strength synaptic weights t-LTD temporal threshold tion triplet Turrigiano visual cortex vivo voltage Wang window