Deep Learning: How the Mind Overrides ExperienceAlthough the ability to retain, process, and project prior experience onto future situations is indispensable, the human mind also possesses the ability to override experience and adapt to changing circumstances. Cognitive scientist Stellan Ohlsson analyzes three types of deep, non-monotonic cognitive change: creative insight, adaptation of cognitive skills by learning from errors, and conversion from one belief to another, incompatible belief. For each topic, Ohlsson summarizes past research, re-formulates the relevant research questions, and proposes information-processing mechanisms that answer those questions. The three theories are based on the principles of redistribution of activation, specialization of practical knowledge, and re-subsumption of declarative information. Ohlsson develops the implications of those mechanisms by scaling their effects with respect to time, complexity, and social interaction. The book ends with a unified theory of non-monotonic cognitive change that captures the abstract properties that the three types of change share. |
Contents
Part Two Creativity | 51 |
Part Three Adaptation | 167 |
Part Four Conversion | 289 |
Part Five Conclusion | 361 |
Notes | 393 |
REFERENCES | 455 |
515 | |
519 | |
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Common terms and phrases
action activation analysis apply Artificial Intelligence behavior belief revision belief system brain Cambridge Chapter cognitive architecture cognitive change cognitive processes cognitive psychology Cognitive Science complex concept conflict constraint constraint-based creative declarative knowledge domain effect evaluation example experience explain feedback function Gestalt goal heuristic human hypothesis idea impasses individual insight intelligent tutoring systems interactions invention Journal knowledge elements layer learner learning curve learning events learning from error learning mechanisms Lewis structure logical memory mental mind multiple natural selection Necker Cube negative feedback Newell non-monotonic change novel observed Ohlsson operating options outcomes performance person philosophers Philosophy of Science power law predictions principles prior problem solving production relevant representation requires retrieval Review rule scientific scientists sequence Simon situation skill acquisition solution space specific strategy structure subgoals task environment theory change theory-theory thinking tion transfer truth value tutoring University Press York