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2021, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Indeed, as early as 1946 the mammalian superior colliculus was implicated in the ‘visual grasp reflex’ by Hess and colleagues based on the electrical stimulation of the colliculus in alert, behaving cats (Hess et al., 1946). In both the rodent and the monkey including the macaque monkey, the posterior neocortex gains access to the oculomotor generator in the brain stem via the superior colliculus, whereas the frontal cortex gains access to this region by way of direct projections, albeit the frontal cortex also innervates the superior colliculus directly (Fig. 7; note that the fronto-collicular projections are not illustrated; Barret et al., 2020; Benavidez et al., 2020; Comoli et al., 2012; Fries, 1984; Froudarakis et al., 2019; Ingle, 1973; Kunzle and Akert, 1977; Kuypers and Lawrence, 1967; Leichnetz, 1981; Lund, 1966; Sherman et al., 1979; Shook et al., 1990; Spatz et al., 1970; Stanton et al., 1988; Tehovnik et al., 1989). The superior colliculus of mammals is a seven-layered structure such that superficial layers (layers I to III) receive direct visual input whereas the intermediate and deep layers (layers IV to VII) receive strong input from the neocortex and they send motor projections into the brain stem (Ingle, 1973; Schiller and Tehovnik, 2015).
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Present address: Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Rotterdam, Rotterdam (The Netherlands).
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Present address: University Laboratory of Physiology, Oxford (Great Britain).